What’s in this article
- Requirements to Register a Company in Singapore
- Types of Companies/Business Structures in Singapore
- Required Documents to Register a Business in Singapore
- Steps to Register a Company in Singapore
- Post-Incorporation in Singapore
- Singapore Company Registration for Foreign Business Owners
- Hiring Foreign Employees in Singapore
- Types of Work Permits for Skilled and Semi-Skilled Professionals
- Payroll Management in Singapore
- Corporate Income Tax In Singapore
- Company’s Audit Requirements
- Market Readiness Assistance (MRA) Grant
- Conclusion
- FAQs
Starting a business can be a life-changing experience. There might be many reasons for wanting to start your own business – capitalizing on an opportunity, fulfilling a need in your community, or just wanting to escape the daily 9-to-5 labour. However, embarking on such a journey is also a leap of faith, necessitating you to push yourself out of your comfort zone and try something new.
Constructing from the ground up demands hard work and entails certain risks, yet the potential for significant success and rewards is present. You get to climb your ladder, set a pace that suits you best, and make your mark on the world. Furthermore, if you have a bright idea or a burning interest, here are some good reasons why you should start and expand your business today.
Motivate Yourself Daily
When you work for someone else, finding the motivation to excel can be challenging. Regardless of your effort, the company owners ultimately reap the benefits. Being your boss means putting your dreams first and taking control of your success. Moreover, the day-to-day vitality of your business relies on you, motivating yourself to maximize productivity each day.
Following Your Passions
Most entrepreneurs start their businesses to follow their dreams and fulfil their passions. With your own company, creating your brand from the ground up becomes your responsibility, allowing you to shape it into something you can be proud of. Consequently, you might even be able to pass it on to the next generation as a continuation of your legacy or expand your business to greater heights.
Achieve Financial Independence
Most people want to start and expand a business to achieve financial independence. Although the beginning processes might be a little rocky, the ultimate goal of being your boss cultivates your financial comfort. Thus, with determination and hard work, your business will prosper and thrive.
True Job Security
The stress of climbing the corporate ladder is competitive and real. Promotion or receiving a termination letter remains uncertain since these life-changing decisions are in someone else’s hands and beyond your control. With your own company, you know you are investing in yourself, the future and your job security. You decide your destiny!
Now with a better understanding of the benefits of being your boss, you need to know how to start and maintain a business. One of the best places to start your business is definitely in Singapore. In comparison to other countries recognized as business hubs, Singapore’s business registration process distinguishes itself as one of the easiest and quickest, drawing investors from around the globe. Its high GDP per capita of 61,000 USD is an added advantage for businesses to set up operations in the city-state.
Here is a guide that contains key facts on everything you need to know about Singapore company incorporation.
Requirements to Register a Company in Singapore
Before starting and expanding a business in Singapore, you need to:
- Select your preferred business structure (Private Limited Company, Sole Proprietorship, Partnership)
- Register your company with the Singapore Company Regulator (ACRA)
- Open your corporate bank account
Information Needed to Start Your ACRA Business Registration
- A company name – Every business needs a company name as special as the business itself. It must not be used by others and have to be unique. Your company’s legal name and trading name can be different but do ensure that the trading name doesn’t cause a trademark issue.
- Shareholders – All businesses in Singapore need at least one shareholder (with a maximum of 50) and there is no limitation on who can be one. In fact, the law here even allows for complete foreign ownership of Singaporean businesses.
- Directors – All Singaporean businesses require at least one local director. This individual can be a citizen, a PR or an Employment Pass (EP) holder. Furthermore, you can also appoint a Nominee Director, hired solely to meet the requirements and with no decision-making authority.
- Corporate secretary – It is compulsory for every company to have a corporate secretary. This individual will track changes in your company, prepare and fill all the necessary documentation and keep the company compliant with regulations.
- Paid-up capital – The minimum paid-up capital for a company to register in Singapore is S$1 or equivalent in any currency. Any time post-business registration, the share capital can be increased.
- Registered address – Every Singaporean company must have a registered address. This can’t be a PO box. It needs to be an actual physical address.
Types of Companies/Business Structures in Singapore
Before you register your company with ACRA, you will have to decide the type of business structure you would like to follow.
1. Private Limited Companies (Pte Ltd)
A private limited company, the most common type of business in Singapore, is characterized by:
- Having less than 50 shareholders
- Not having their shares shared with the public.
Shareholders from a Pte Ltd can be from other companies, individuals or a mixture of both. Moreover, this structure limits your liability, makes it easier to raise finance and gives your business credibility.
2. Sole Proprietorship (SP)
This business structure is riskier as the owner will be personally liable for the company. As the owners trade under their name, they do not need to register, and tax is simpler. But liability is unlimited, i.e. the person and the company are not separate. Registration of a sole proprietorship business is limited to individuals who are Singapore citizens, Singapore permanent residents, or EntrePass holders.
3. Limited Liability Partnership (LLP)
In a limited partnership in Singapore, at least one partner is a general partner with unlimited liability, but one or more partners are ‘limited partners’, with limited liability. Singapore also allows limited liability partnerships (LLPs), where all partners have limited liability.
Required Documents to Register a Business in Singapore
To start your business registration in Singapore, you will need to provide these documents to file with ACRA Singapore.
- Company name
- Brief description of activities & SSIC Code
- Shareholders’ details and KY information
- Directors’ details and KYC information
- Registered Singaporean business address
- Share capital details
- The company’s constitution
Steps to Register a Company in Singapore
Upon the submission of your documents, the completion of your Singapore company incorporation will take place within 1 to 3 working days, assuming there are no delays or documentation problems. But before submitting these documents, there are 2 important steps you have to follow to register your company in Singapore.
1. Reserving the company name
ACRA should approve or reject the proposed name for your company within a day. However, if the suggested name includes specific words like media, bank, law, finance, or education, the relevant external governmental authorities may need to review and approve the name.
To increase the chances of the proposed name being approved immediately, do ensure it is not:
- Similar to any existing company in Singapore
- Vulgar or obscene
- Already reserved
Approved company names will be reserved for 60 days from the date of your application. If you wish to extend it for another 60 days, you can do so by filing for an extension just before the initial date expires.
2. Registering the company
Once ACRA approves your company’s name, the next step involves filing the paperwork and obtaining approval, a process achievable in one day. Ensure that all your documents are ready and signed by all the directors of your new company.
At Paul Hype Page, we digitally prepare and sign all Singapore company incorporation documents through our patented platform, reducing the hassle of physical paperwork. This eliminates the need for you to be physically present in Singapore to register the company.
Post-Incorporation in Singapore
Once the business registration process of your company is completed, here are some things that would happen post-incorporation.
- You will receive a Certificate of Incorporation via email notification from ACRA confirming the registration of your company. This will be your official Singapore Company Incorporation Certificate which will include your business registration number.
- You will receive a Business Profile (Bizfile) from ACRA which is free of charge. The business profile will act as an identification card for your new company.
- You will be able to open a corporate bank account with any bank in Singapore.
- You will have to complete your Business Licences Application based on the activities your business would be performing and handling. You should complete this process after registering your company and before starting your business.
- You will have to register for Goods & Service Tax (GST or value-added tax or VAT in other countries) if you expect the annual turnover for your business to exceed S$1 million. If you think your annual turnover will be lower than this amount, you will not be required to register for GST.
Corporate Secretary
- You will need to hire or appoint a professional company secretary services in Singapore within 6 months after incorporation. The secretary should be a Singapore citizen, permanent resident or Singapore Employment Pass/ EntrePass/ Dependant Pass holder. This individual must also possess at least one of the following qualities
- At least 3 of the 5 years of secretarial experience immediately before appointment as secretary
- Qualified person under the Legal Profession Act, Cap. 161
- Public accountant registered under the Accountants Act, Cap. 2
- Member of the Institute of Certified Public Accountants of Singapore
- Member of the Singapore Association of the Institute of Chartered Secretaries and Administrators
- Member of the Association of International Accountants (Singapore Branch)
- Member of the Institute of Company Accountants, Singapore
Singapore Company Registration for Foreign Business Owners
Foreigners who are interested in establishing their company in Singapore would also need to consider these factors:
- You will need to hire local help to set up your company – The Singapore government does not allow any foreign individuals to self-register their company so you would need to hire a professional to incorporate your business on your behalf.
- You do not need to travel or apply for a visa to register your company – If you plan to open your business in Singapore without relocating, applying for specific travel visas is not required. You can visit your company in Singapore on a visitor visa whenever the need arises.
- You will need to hire a local nominee director – According to ACRA, hiring a local director is a must if you wish to register your company in Singapore. You can get help from professional service firms that offer incorporation services including resident directorship.
- You may need to travel to set up a corporate bank account – Depending on the bank that you choose, some banks require the physical attendance of directors and/or shareholders to approve the bank account in Singapore.
- You can apply for an EP under your new company – If you wish to work and stay in Singapore, you can apply for an Employment Pass under your newly registered company for yourself and your foreign employees.
Hiring Talents in Singapore
After setting up a company in Singapore, hiring employees is the next most important step you should take which involves some important decision-making. Furthermore, the hiring process should adhere to legal protocols set by the Ministry of Manpower (MOM).
Here are some requirements for hiring local employees.
Apply for a CPF Submission Number (CSN)
Your CSN is a unique identifier used by employers to transact with the CPF Board. This includes making CPF payments and requests relating to employment matters. The CSN is made out of Unique Entity Number (UEN) or NRIC/FIN (if you are trading under your own name) and CPF Payment Code.
The CPF Payment Code in your CSN identifies the different types of payments that should be made by employers to the Board such as CPF contributions, Voluntary Contributions, and MediSave Contributions under the Additional MediSave Contribution Scheme.
Write Up an Employment Contract
The employment contract defines the employer-employee relationship, including the terms and conditions of employment. The contract must include key employment terms (KETs) and essential clauses like hours of work and job scope.
Employers must issue KETs in writing to all employees who meet all the following conditions:
- Enter into a contract of service on or after 1 April 2016.
- Are covered by the Employment Act.
- Are employed for 14 days or more. This refers to the length of the contract, not the number of days of work.
Items that should be included in the KETs are:
- Full name of employer and employee
- Job title, main duties and responsibilities
- Start date of employment
- Duration of employment
- Working arrangements such as working hours, number of working days per week and rest day
- Salary period and basic salary
- Fixed allowances and deductions
- Overtime payment period and rate of pay
- Other salary-related components such as bonuses and incentives
- Types of leaves
- Other medical benefits
- Probation and notice period
- Place of work
Get Relevant Compensation Insurance
As an employer, you are required to purchase work injury compensation insurance for:
- All employees doing manual work, regardless of salary level.
- All employees doing non-manual work, earn a salary of S$2,600 or less a month, excluding any overtime payment, bonus payment, annual wage supplement, productivity incentive payment and any allowance.
Statutory Filings Per Employee
Every employer must adhere to the relevant mandatory statutory contributions requirements for each employee, subject to certain qualifying criteria. This includes:
- Central Provident Fund (CPF) – An employer is required to make CPF contributions at monthly rates based on the employee’s annual salary as stated in the CPF Act. They can then recover the employee’s share of the contribution by deducting it from their salary.
- Skill Development Levy (SDL) – Employers are required to make SDL contributions for all employees. This fund is used to support workforce upgrading programmes and provides training grants. The SDL must be paid by the employer and cannot be deducted from the employee’s salary.
Hiring Foreign Employees in Singapore
Most companies in Singapore hire foreign talents to diversify and supplement their local workforce. Some hire foreigners to fill in the gap in certain industries like IT, Business and Finance and R&D companies that face a shortage of highly skilled local talent. Similarly, certain laborious jobs such as construction work and domestic help are not preferred by locals, leaving no option but to hire foreign employees.
According to the Employment Act by the Ministry of Manpower, a foreigner working in Singapore must have a valid Singapore work visa. Hence, if you wish to hire a foreigner, you will have to apply for a specific work pass on their behalf but do take note that some work passes have certain limitations and quotas.
The foreign talents in Singapore can be categorised into three main groups:
- Skilled professionals (software engineers, doctors, consultants, etc) who are issued an Employment Pass.
- Semi-skilled professionals (technicians, chefs, administrative professionals, etc) who are issued the S Pass.
- Unskilled professionals (construction workers, domestic help, etc) who are issued a work permit.
Requirements to Hire Foreign Employees
To hire a foreign employee, you will need to:
- Set up a work pass account – Depending on the type of work visa your employee will need, you can apply for them on the Work Pass Account Registration (WPAR) portal.
- Take note of all the rules on hiring foreign employees – Including Dependency Ceiling Ratio, Foreign Worker Levy and Fair Consideration Framework
- File for Taxes – IR8A, Appendix 8A, Appendix 8B and IR8S
Foreign Worker Levy
Companies registered in Singapore must actively pay the Foreign Worker Levy (FWL) for their Work Permit and S Pass holders. The introduction of this levy aims to regulate the number of foreign manpower in the country.
The determination of the total FWL for each employee is based on the sector to which the individual belongs, their educational qualification, and the skills they possess.
Types of Work Permits for Skilled and Semi-Skilled Professionals
Singapore Employment Pass and S Pass are two separate work passes meant for professionals with high-level qualifications and skills and technicians with mid-level skills respectively. Though both are work passes, there are many differences between these two based on the following criteria
Payroll Management in Singapore
Singapore is one of the few countries in the world without a minimum wage requirement. But, if your business is growing and you need to hire professional talents locally and internationally, here are some factors you would need to know about payroll management in Singapore.
1. Salary
Salary constitutes the fundamental remuneration for work performed under a contract of employment. It excludes allowances for traveling, food, housing, as well as pension, work-hour expenses, and retrenchment benefits. As per Singapore’s Employment Act, companies must pay employees’ salaries at least once a month or at shorter intervals as per the company’s policy. Ensuring salary disbursement within 7 days after the end of the salary period is a crucial obligation, and failure to fulfill this requirement is deemed a serious offense in Singapore.
2. Pay Slips
As stated in the Employment Act as of 1 April 2016, all employers must issue an itemised slip that should include details such as the date of payment, basic salary and allowances, overtime pay, salary period and compulsory deductions made. Failure to do so can result in a fine.
3. Employment Records
Employers must actively maintain detailed employment and salary records for all their employees for a period of 2 years. Additionally, records of former employees should be retained for one year following the termination of their contract.
4. Pro-Rated Salary
Employees unable to work a complete month are entitled to the pro-rated portion of their salary for the days worked. The calculation is done as follows.
Monthly rate of the employee’s salary X Days the employee worked in that month
Working days in a month
5. Mandatory Levies, Contributions And Statutory Requirements
Besides Central Provident Fund (CPF) contributions, here are the other mandatory payments employers are required to make.
- Ethnic Funds such as CDAC, ECF, MBMF and SINDA
- Skill Development Levy
- Foreign Worker Levy
Corporate Income Tax In Singapore
Singapore is one of the top investment destinations for many companies because of its accommodating tax regime. The corporate income tax rate, applicable to both local and foreign companies, is 17%, and the legislation is straightforward. Some companies can benefit from added incentives, such as partial exemption from tax on the first S$ 200,000 of taxable income and exclusive tax rebates for resident companies in Singapore.
Furthermore, with Singapore’s single-tier tax system, once the company incurs taxation, distributions to shareholders in the form of dividends become tax-free. Any dividends paid offshore are not subject to withholding tax.
If a company experiences a tax loss in any given year, it can carry forward that tax loss to offset against future chargeable income without any limitation on the number of years.
Company Audits and Annual Business Reporting
Every year, irrespective of their size or business structure, all Singapore companies must actively adhere to specific legal requirements. Here, we explain the annual filing requirements you need to fulfil to comply with the Company law in Singapore.
Annual Filing Requirements
To stay in compliance with the law, your new company must file yearly as required by these two government bodies:
- ACRA – The Accounting and Corporate Regulatory Authority that works as the national regulator of business entities in Singapore
- IRAS – The Inland Revenue Authority of Singapore that responsible for collecting taxes and specifying the annual filing requirements..
Annual Return Filing
- Company Name and Registration Number
- Principal activities
- Registered Office Address
- Details of company officers (directors, secretary)
- Shareholder details, share capital, etc.
The director or appointed company secretary must sign the annual return. Keep these key points in mind when filing your annual return.
- When submitting an Annual Return with ACRA, a company must attach its audited financial statements.
- The deadline for filing the Annual Return is 30 days from the date of the Annual General Meeting (AGM). In certain cases, a company can file its Annual Return without conducting its AGM.
Company’s Audit Requirements
Company audits are important as it ensures the business’s financial statements are true and fair. Mandated by Singapore’s Companies Act, a registered accounting professional who adheres to the Singapore Standards on Auditing (SSA) must conduct company audits. Like all countries worldwide, private companies’ financial statements undergo a legal audit annually unless exempted due to the company meeting specific criteria.
Appointment of Auditors
Auditors will hold office from the time of their appointment until the conclusion of the company’s next annual general meeting (AGM) where the company will appoint a new accounting officer or reappoint the same officer to act as an auditor.
Role of Auditors
An auditor’s role is to inspect and report whether the company’s financial statements:
- Comply with the financial reporting requirements.
- Provide a fair view of the company’s financial position and performance.
An auditor can legally access the company’s accounting records or obtain any information and explanation as required by the auditing requirements.
Auditor Remuneration
- At least 5% of the total number of members in the company
- Shareholders who hold at least 5% of the total number of issued company shares.
Companies Exempted From Audit
Companies classified as a ‘small company’ for a specific financial year or ‘dormant’ are exempt from audit requirements and do not need to appoint an auditor to audit their financial statements for that financial year.
Small Company
- The company’s annual revenue does not exceed $10 million
- The value of the company’s total assets does not exceed $10 million
- The company does not have more than 50 employees.
Small Companies that are Part of Groups
Small companies within groups (as part of a parent company or a subsidiary) will only be exempt from audits if they are part of a ‘small group’. To qualify as a small group, the company must meet either of the following requirements for two consecutive financial years.
- The group’s consolidated revenue does not exceed $10 million
- The value of the group’s consolidated total assets does not exceed $10 million
- The group does not have more than 50 employees.
Dormant Company
- It has been dormant from the time of its formation; or
- It has been dormant since the end of the previous financial year.
- Keeping of accounting records
- Laying of their financial statements at their Annual General Meeting
Once your business starts to profit and grow, it is time to expand globally and here’s how to do it!
Market Readiness Assistance (MRA) Grant
The Singaporean government encourages local companies to grow their business over the borders by launching the Market Readiness Assistance (MRA) grant. The government established International Enterprise Singapore (IE Singapore) to assist incorporated companies in Singapore in establishing a global presence. This grant provides funding for companies who wish to internationalise and grow!
The primary objective of the MRA grant is to assist local Singaporean companies in managing their expansion budget as they enter a new foreign market. This grant allocates government funds to companies incurring costs on qualifying activities such as market entry, marketing expenses, and overseas business development when venturing abroad. The total available support for the grant is 70% of total eligible costs per new market, capped at S$100,000.
MRA Grant Requirements
To be eligible for this grant, your company should fulfil the following criteria:
- The company must have its global headquarters in Singapore and
- The annual turnover of the company must be less than S$100 million annually (according to the latest audit report for the company)
- At least 30% of local shareholding
- Total sales for the target market you choose to enter cannot exceed more than S$100,000 in each of the last 3 preceding years
Qualifying Activities to Claim the MRA Grant
Here are the activities that a business can use to claim the MRA grant.
Market Set-Up:
- Market assessment (market research, market feasibility, legal and tax advisory, etc)
- Market entry (name search, Intellectual Property (IP) search, import-export licences, etc)
Business Partners:
- Business matching (identifying business partners, joint venture partners, agents and distributors, etc)
- Outsourced business development services
Market Promotion:
- Overseas marketing and PR activities (promotions, road shows, trade conferences, etc)
- Participation in overseas trade fairs (space rental, booth design, etc)
How to Apply for the MRA Grant?
If you want to apply for the MRA grant, here are some steps you should follow.
- Request for a cost quotation – request for a quotation from the third-party service provider that you appointed for the qualifying activities.
- Apply through the Business Grants Portal – apply for your grant through the Business Grants Portal or engage the services of a professional service provider.
- Letter of Offer – Wait for the offer letter from IE Singapore
- Submit the Claim – Upon receiving your offer letter, you should complete the required project within 6 months. Following the successful completion, promptly send in your claim for disbursement to IE Singapore.
Expanding into a new market can be daunting and challenging for every business with the MRA grant. You don’t have to worry about funding and the extra expenses your business might incur.
As one of Singapore’s leading MRA grant consultants, we provide end-to-end services covering the scope of the entirety of the grant. From market set-up, and business development services to overseas market promotion, you can reach out to
Conclusion
Singapore has consistently achieved high rankings for the ease of establishing a business here. If you are a foreigner, the requirements to start a business in Singapore are much more straightforward than other business hubs worldwide.
Nevertheless, if you wish to initiate your own business and are uncertain about where to begin, we are here to guide and ease the process for you. At Paul Hype Page & Co, we provide complete business solutions, from Singapore incorporation services, Singapore work visa and employment pass to post-incorporation services. Do leverage our expertise for your business solutions from starting your company registration to any other incorporation services.